Akwụkwọ ozi nkwado maka TPAN

21 Septemba nke 2020

Oria ojoo coronavirus gosiputara na nkwado kariri mba uwa di oke mkpa iji dozie ihe nile bu egwu na aru ike na odi mma nke mmadu. Onye bụ́ isi n’etiti ha bụ egwu nke agha nuklia. Taa, ihe ọghọm nke mkpochapụ ngwa agha nuklia - ma na mberede, ndabue ma ọ bụ ụma - yiri ka ọ na-abawanye, na nso nso a nke ụdị ngwa agha nuklia ọhụrụ, ịhapụ nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta ogologo oge n'ịchịkwa ngwá agha na ezigbo ihe egwu nke ịwakpo ngwa ngwa na akụrụngwa nuklia. Ka anyị gere ntị n'ịdọ aka ná ntị ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, ndị dọkịta na ndị ọkachamara ndị ọzọ na-enye. Anyi agaghi arafu ahihia n’ime nsogbu nke kariri nke anyi kari n’afọ a. 

Ọ naghị esiri ike ịchọpụta otú okwu mkparị na ikpe na-adịghị mma nke ndị isi nke mba ndị nwere mba nuklia nwere ike isi bute ọdachi nke ga-emetụta mba niile na mmadụ niile. Dika ndi bu onye isi ala mbu, ndi mbu ndi ozi nke ndi ozo na ndi mbu ndi nchekwa nke Albania, Belgium, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain na Turkey - ndị niile na-azọrọ na ngwa agha nuklia nke ndị otu na-echebe ha - kpọọ ndị isi ugbu a ka ha kwalite nnupụisi tupu oge agafee. Ihe mmalite doro anya maka ndị ndu nke mba anyị ga-ekwupụta na enweghị nkwenye na ngwa agha nuklia enweghị nzube ziri ezi, agha ma ọ bụ atụmatụ, n'ihi 
ọdachi na-akpata ọdachi na gburugburu ebe obibi nke iji ya eme ihe. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, mba anyị ga-ajụ ọrụ ọ bụla enyere ngwa agha nuklia na nchekwa anyị. 

Site n’ikwu na ngwá agha nuklia na-echebe anyị, anyị na-akwalite nkwenkwe ụgha na nke hiere ụzọ nke na ngwá agha nuklia na-eme ka nchebe dịkwuo elu. Kama ikwe ka ọganihu gaa ụwa nke enweghị ngwá agha nuklia, anyị na-egbochi ya na-adịgide ndụ ihe egwu nuklia, ihe niile maka ụjọ iwe iwe ndị anyị na ha jikọrọ aka na-arapara na ngwa ọgụ ndị a nke oke mbibi. Kaosinadị, enyi nwere ike ikwusi okwu ike mgbe enyi ọzọ na-eme omume nzuzu nke nwere ike itinye ndụ ha na ndị ọzọ n'ihe ize ndụ. 

N’ụzọ doro anya, agbụrụ agha nuklia ọhụrụ na-aga n’ihu na agbụrụ maka mgbapụta na-achọ ngwa ngwa. Oge eruola ịkwụsị oge ịdabere na ngwa agha nuklia. Na 2017, mba 122 were nzọụkwụ obi ike na nke dị ezigbo mkpa na ntụziaka ahụ site na ịnakwere ya Nkwekọrịta banyere Ngbochi Ngwá Agha Nuclear, nkwekọrịta ụwa dị ịrịba ama nke na-etinye ngwa agha nuklia n'otu ihe ndabere iwu 
ngwa agha kemịkalụ na nke ndu, wee guzobe usoro iji kpochapụ ha ma nwekwaa ike iwepu. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ ga-abụ iwu mba ụwa ga-ejikọ. 

Ruo ugbu a, mba anyị ahọrọla isonye na ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke ụwa na-akwado nkwekọrịta a, mana nke a bụ ọnọdụ ndị isi anyị ga-atụle ọzọ. Anyị enweghị ike iweghara iwe n'ihi egwu a dị adị na-eyi ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ. Anyị ga-egosiputa obi ike na verve ma sonye na nkwekọrịta ahụ. Dị ka ndị otu States, anyị nwere ike ịnwe mmekọrịta na States na ngwa agha nuklia, ebe ọ bụ na ọ nweghị ihe ọ bụla na nkwekọrịta ahụ n'onwe ya ma ọ bụ na nkwekọrịta nchekwa anyị iji gbochie nke a. Otú ọ dị, anyị ga-abụ ndị iwu kwadoro, mgbe ọ bụla na n'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, iji nyere aka ma ọ bụ gbaa ndị anyị na ha jikọrọ aka ume ka ha jiri, yie egwu iji ma ọ bụ nweta ngwa agha nuklia. N'iburu nkwado dị ukwuu na mba anyị maka mgbapụta, nke a ga-abụ ụzọ a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha na nke ukwuu. 

Usoro nkwekọrịta bụ ihe nkwado dị mkpa nke Nkwekọrịta Na-agbasaghị, nke dị ugbu a ọkara afọ otu narị na, n'agbanyeghị na ọ nwere nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịgbasa mgbasa nke ngwa agha nuklia na ọtụtụ mba, enwebeghị ike ịkwalite nkwanye ugwu zuru ụwa ọnụ megide onwunwe nke ngwa agha nuklia. Mba ise nwere ngwa agha nuklia nke nwere ngwaagha nuklia mgbe NPT gbara izu - United States, Russia, Britain, France, na China - yiri ka ha na-ahụ ya dịka ikikere iji jigide ndị agha nuklia ha ruo mgbe ebighi ebi. Kama ịhapụ agha, ha na-etinye ego dị ukwuu n'ịkwalite ngwa agha ha, na atụmatụ ịchekwa ha ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ. Nke a doro anya na anaghị anakwere. 

Mmachibido iwu a machibidoro na 2017 nwere ike inye aka ịkwụsị ọtụtụ iri afọ nke nkwarụ nkwarụ. Ọ bụ ìhè nke olileanya n’oge ọchịchịrị. Ọ na-enye mba ohere ịdenye aha na iwu kachasị n'ọtụtụ mba megide ngwa agha nuklia na ịmanye mba ụwa ịme ihe. Ka mbido ya na-amata, nsonaazụ nke ngwa agha nuklia “gafere oke ala mba, nwere nsonazụ siri ike maka nlanarị mmadụ, gburugburu ebe obibi, mmepe mmekọrịta mmekọrịta ọha na eze, akụnụba ụwa, nchekwa nri na ahụike nke ọgbọ na ọdịnihu. , na ha nwere mmetụta na-ezighi ezi n'ahụ ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ, ọbụnadị n'ihi ụzarị ọkụ ionizing.

N'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ngwá agha nuklia 14.000 dị n'ọtụtụ saịtị gburugburu ụwa na n'ụgbọ mmiri ndị na-agagharị n'oké osimiri n'oge niile, ikike mbibi karịrị echiche anyị. Ndị isi niile nwere ọrụ ga-emerịrị ugbu a iji hụ na a naghị emeghachi ihe ọjọọ ndị ahụ na 1945. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọdịmma anyị ga-agwụ ma ọ bụrụ na anyị emeghị ihe. Ọ Nkwekọrịta banyere Ngbochi Ngwá Agha Nuclear na-atọ ntọala maka ụwa dị nchebe, na-enweghị nsogbu a dị adị. Anyị ga-anabata ya ugbu a ma rụọ ọrụ ka ndị ọzọ sonyere. Enweghị ọgwụgwọ maka agha nuklia. Nanị nhọrọ anyị bụ igbochi ya. 

Lloyd Axworthy, Onye bụbu Mịnịsta Ofesi nke Canada 
Ban Ki-moon, onye bụbu Secretary General nke UN na onye bụbu Minista Mba Ndị South Korea 
Jean-Jacques Blais kwuru, onye bụbu Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka nchekwa nke Canada 
Kjell Magne Bondevik, onye bụbu Prime Minista na onye bụbu Mịnịsta Ofesi nke Norway 
Ylli bufi, onye bụbu Mịnịsta Ala Albania 
Ọnye na -bụ Jean Chrétien?, onye bụbu Mịnịsta Ala Canada 
Willy claes, onye bụbu Secretary General nke NATO na onye bụbu Minista nke Mba Ọzọ nke Belgium 
Erik derycke, onye bụbu Minista nke Mba Ọzọ nke Belgium 
Joschka Fischer, onye bụbu Mịnịsta Ofesi nke German 
Franco Fratti, onye bụbu Minista nke Mba Ofesi nke Italy 
Ingibjörg Solrún Gísladóttir, onye bụbu Minista nke Mba Ọzọ nke Iceland 
Bjørn Tore Chineke, onye bụbu Mịnịsta Ofesi na Onye Mịnịsta na-agbachitere Norway 
Bill graham, onye bụbu Minister of Foreign Affairs na mbụ Minister of Defense nke Canada 
Hatoyama Yukio, onye bụbu Mịnịsta Ala Japan 
Thorbjørn Jagland, onye bụbu Prime Minista na onye bụbu Mịnịsta Ofesi nke Norway 
Ljubica Jelušic, onye bụbu Minister nke Defense nke Slovenia 
Ndị Talavs Jundzis, onye bụbu Minister nke Foreign Defense nke Latvia 
Jan Kavan, onye bụbu Minista nke Mba Ọzọ nke Czech Republic 
Lodz Krapež, onye bụbu Minister nke Defense nke Slovenia 
Dị Valdis Kristovskis, onye bụbu Minista nke Mba Ọzọ na onye bụbu Minista Nchekwa nke Latvia 
Alexander Kwaśniewski, onye bụbu Onyeisi Poland 
Yves leterme, onye bụbu Prime Minista na onye bụbu Minista nke Mba Ọzọ nke Belgium 
Enrico Letta, onye bụbu Mịnịsta Ala Italytali 
Eldbjørg Løwer, onye bụbu Minista na-agbachitere Norway 
mogens lykketoft, onye bụbu Minista nke Mba Ofesi nke Denmark 
John mccallum, onye bụbu Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka nchekwa nke Canada 
John Nwoke, Onye bụbu Mịnịsta Ofesi nke Canada 
Rexhep Meidani, onye bụbu president nke Albania 
Zdravko Mršic, onye bụbu Minista nke Mba Ọzọ nke Croatia 
Linda Murniece, onye bụbu Minister of Defense nke Latvia 
Nano Fatos, onye bụbu Mịnịsta Ala Albania 
Holger K. Nielsen, onye bụbu Minista nke Mba Ofesi nke Denmark 
Andrzej Olechowski, onye bụbu Minista nke Mba Ọzọ nke Poland 
kgeld olesen, onye bụbu Minister of Foreign Affairs na mbụ Minister of Defense nke Denmark 
Anna Palace, onye bụbu Minista nke Mba Ọzọ nke Spain 
Theodoros Pangalos, onye bụbu Mịnịsta Ofesi nke Gris 
Jan Pronck, onye bụbu (na-arụ ọrụ) Mịnịsta nke nchekwa nke Netherlands 
Vesna Pusic, onye bụbu Mịnịsta Ofesi nke Croatia 
Dariusz rosati, onye bụbu Minista nke Mba Ọzọ nke Poland 
Rudolf na-edegharị, onye bụbu Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka nchekwa German 
Juraj Schenk kwuru, onye bụbu Mịnịsta Ofesi nke Slovakia
Nuno Severiano Teixeira, onye bụbu Minister of Defense of Portugal
Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir, onye bụbu Mịnịsta Ala Iceland 
Össur Skarphéðinsson, onye bụbu Minista nke Mba Ọzọ nke Iceland 
Javier Solana, onye bụbu Secretary General nke NATO na onye bụbu Minista nke Mba Ọzọ nke Spain 
Anne-Grete Strøm-Erichsen, onye bụbu Minista na-agbachitere Norway 
Hanna suchocka, onye bụbu Prime Minista nke Poland 
szekeres imre, onye bụbu Mịnịsta na-agbachitere Hungary 
Tanaka makiko, onye bụbu Mịnịsta Ofesi nke Japan 
Tanaka naoki, onye bụbu Mịnịsta Nchekwa Japan 
Danilo Turk, onye bụbu president nke Slovenia 
Hikmet Sami Turk, onye bụbu Minista na-agbachitere Turkish 
John N Turner, onye bụbu Mịnịsta Ala Canada 
Guy Verhofstadt, onye bụbu Prime Minista nke Belgium 
Knut Vollebæk, onye bụbu Mịnịsta Ofesi nke Norway 
Carlos Westendorp na Isi, onye bụbu Minista nke Mba Ọzọ nke Spain